Biases & effects in learning
Tuesday, April 25, 2006
Quoted from Wikipedia:
Zeigarnik effect – The Zeigarnik effect states that people remember uncompleted or interrupted tasks better than completed ones.
Russian psychologist Bluma Zeigarnik first studied the phenomenon after noticing that waiters seemed to remember orders only so long as the order was in the process of being served.
Some suggest that students who wish to remember material better should leave learning unfinished when taking breaks, according to the effect. It is also suggested that the effect is behind the cliffhanger plot device.
Primacy effect – The primacy effect, in psychology, is a cognitive bias that results from disproportionate salience of initial stimuli or observations. If, for example, a subject reads a sufficiently-long list of words, he or she is more likely to remember words read toward the beginning than words read in the middle.
The recency effect is comparable to the primacy effect, but for final stimuli or observations. Taken together the primacy effect and the recency effect predict that, in a list of items, the ones most likely to be remembered are the items near the beginning and the end of the list (serial position effect). Lawyers scheduling the appearance of witnesses for court testimony, and managers scheduling a list of speakers at a conference, take advantage of these effects when they put speakers they wish to emphasize at the very beginning or the very end of a long list.
Spacing effect – The spacing effect states that while you are more likely to remember material if exposed to it many times, you will be much more likely to remember it if the exposures are repeated over a longer span of time.
In other words, distributive repetition (presentations spread out over time) work better than massed repetition (presentations closely together in time).
There are two explanations for this finding. According to the deficient processing view, massed repetition leads to only one representation of the material in memory. However, according to the encoding variability view, distributed repetition is likely to entail some variability in presentation; this leads to a more robust memory that is more connected to other ideas.
For students, this effect suggests that “cramming” (intense, last-minute studying) the night before an exam is not likely to be as effective as studying at intervals over a much longer span of time.
Cooking For Engineers
Sunday, April 23, 2006
Cooking For Engineers! You gotta love the title at least!
CoinFacts.com – The Internet Encyclopedia of U.S. Coins
Tuesday, April 18, 2006
GoToMeeting : Web conferencing, Online Meetings, etc.
Monday, April 10, 2006
GoToMeeting : Web conferencing, Online Meetings, Net Meeting, Online Training, Web Conference, Presentation Software, Web conferencing solution, Web collaboration, Web conferencing service, Collaboration software, Web Conferencing Software
GIMP – The GNU Image Manipulation Program
Friday, April 7, 2006
JunkScience.com – “All the junk that’s fit to debunk”
Friday, April 7, 2006
JunkScience.com – Everybody’s working an angle these days. At JunkScience.com, their angle is to expose others’ angles. Worried about doxin? Global warming keeping you up at night? Check out an alternative scientific point of view.